动词-ed形式的构成:
由动词原形+ed构成(也有一些动词为不规则动词),也称为动词的过去分词。
动词-ed形式仍保留着动词的特征,可以跟宾语和状语。
I'd like the problem solved quickly. 我希望这个问题能尽快解决。(带有自己的状语)
Offered more opportunities, he could h *** e done it better. 如果提供给他更多的机会,他可能会做得更好。(带有自己的宾语)
动词-ed形式的否定形式:
由not/n *** r+动词-ed形式构成。
Not watered in time, the flowers withered. 没有及时浇水,花朵枯萎了。
动词-ed形式的含义:
一般及物动词的-ed形式表示完成的和被动的动作;不及物动词的-ed形式只表示完成,不表被动。
With all the things bought, he went home happily. 东西都买齐了,他高高兴兴地回家了。(表被动表完成)
Autumn is coming, and the ground is full of fallen le *** es. 秋天来了,地上满是落叶。(表完成)
动词-ed形式的用法
动词-ed形式具有动词,形容词和副词的特征,在句中可以作定语,表语,状语,补语。
1.动词-ed形式作定语
动词-ed形式作定语既可以放在所修饰名词的前面,称为前置定语,也可以放在所修饰名词的后面,称为后置定语。
单个的动词-ed形式作定语一般放在所修饰名词的前面(少数单个动词-ed形式作定语放在所修饰名词的后面,如left);而动词-ed形式的短语作定语一般放在所修饰名词的后面。
The disappointed look on her face suggested she was very sad. 她脸上失望的表情表明她很伤心。
The competition held in o *** school is to promote traditional cult *** e. 我们学校举办的比赛是为了弘扬传统文化。
The money left was enough for buying the book. 剩下的钱足够买这本书了。
注意:单个的动词-ed形式作定语修饰代词时,一般放在所修饰代词的后面。
Everything bought must be registered. 所有购买的东西都必须登记。
2.动词-ed形式作表语
动词-ed形式作表语一般用来表示主语的状态。
He was excited at the news. 他听到这个消息很兴奋。
He was determined to finish the task on time. 他决心按时完成任务。
3.动词-ed形式作状语
动词-ed形式作状语可以表示时间,条件,原因,让步,伴随等,动词-ed形式与主语是被动关系。在表示时间,条件,让步等状语时,前面可以加上相应的连词,如when,if,once,though,although等。
Questioned why he appeared on the spot, he was too nervous to say a word. 当被问到为什么会出现在现场时,他紧张得说不出话来。(时间状语)
Given more attention, the plant could h *** e grown better. 如果给予更多的照料,这株植物会长得更好。(条件状语)
If given more attention, the plant could h *** e grown better.
Enco *** aged by her teacher, she worked harder than before. 在老师的鼓励下,她比以前学习更努力了。(原因状语)
Criticized by the leader, he didn’t lose heart. 尽管受到领导的批评,他并没有失去信心。(让步状语)
Although criticized by the leader, he didn’t lose heart.
The teacher went out of the classroom, followed by his students. 老师走出教室,后面跟着他的 *** 。(伴随状语)
4.动词-ed形式作宾语补足语
动词-ed形式作宾语补足语,与前面的宾语之间为被动关系。在被动语态中,宾语补足语称为主语补足语。
①使役动词可以跟动词-ed形式作宾语补足语,常用的动词有:h *** e,get, *** ke,keep,le *** e等。
He had/got his bike repaired yesterday. 他昨天请人修理了他的自行车。
I spoke slowly to *** ke myself understood. 我说得很慢,好让别人听懂我的话。
②感官动词可以跟动词-ed形式作宾语补足语,常用的动词有:feel,hear,see,notice,watch,observe,catch等。
I used to hear the song sung in English. 我过去常听人用英语唱这首歌。
He noticed the old *** n taken to the hospital. 他注意到那个老人被送进了医院。
③表示感觉的动词可以跟动词-ed形式作宾语补足语,常用的动词有:find,think,consider,suppose等。
He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡发生了很大的变化。
④表示爱恨,希望,意愿的动词可以跟动词-ed形式作宾语补足语,常用的动词有:like,wish,want,hate等。
I want two rooms booked. 我想订两个房间。
I don't wish the *** tter mentionedagain. 我不希望这件事再被提起。
激发身体潜能
人身体的潜能是无限的,如何有效地激发孩子们的身体潜能,那首先得对身体有个全面的了解。毕竟孩子们在现阶段孩子不管是身体还是精神上都是有着无限可能 *** 。
激发潜能,其实包括很多方面,比如运动、学习、饮食、睡眠、冥想等。我们来看下思维导图的创始人东尼博赞用几张思维导图勾画出的潜能训练图。
这张导图画出了日常生活中的身体需求,我们每天需要工作、锻炼、睡眠、饮食和娱乐,这样才是非常完整的一天,这些都需要非常均匀,但现在很多孩子没有娱乐、锻炼、睡眠时间,只有学习的时间,这就会让身体的机能发生紊乱。同时饮食方面也要注意,大鱼大肉、大补并不是正确之道。
我们看下理想的饮食思维导图可以看到食物的来源其实是三个方面:碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪。其中碳水化合物占的份额应该更大,蛋白质和脂肪都差不多15%左右。也就是在饮食金字塔里面,蔬菜、水果、坚果应该是最基础,也是 *** 最需要的,大鱼大肉只是进行补充,这就涉及到 *** 各种维生素的吸收。
有了这张维生素思维导图,对于不同维生素有什么作用就非常清楚了。在孩子小的时候,父母总希望补充各种维生素,但对于不同维生素的作用到底是什么,却完全一抹黑,这样也就会导致给孩子一顿乱补,不管三七二十一,补进去再说。其实根据症状,恰当补充是更好的。
当然这只是饮食方面,在运动、睡眠、冥想、学习等方面都需要进行合理安排。对于小 *** 、中 *** ,要想激发他们的身体潜能,一定需要科学规划时间,合理安排膳食,并且经常锻炼身体以及大脑,这样才能事半功倍。
当然训练大脑,可以尝试 *** *** 习下思维导图这个思维工具。
中西方节日有很多,在北京版教材中,西方节日主要介绍了Halloween,Christ *** s,Thanksgiving,Father'sDay 等西方节日。西方节日文化的渗透是跨文化交际意识的培养。加强对孩子的中西方文化差异教育有着非常重要的现实意义,对于孩子学习的英语能力是非常重要的。只有了解他国的文化,习俗和习惯,在跨文化交际的时候才不会出现因文化,习俗差异所造成的不必要的麻烦。我将小学阶段出现的西方节日根据课本上的内容及孩子现阶段的英语水平进行了梳理及归纳。
圣诞节
万圣节
感恩节
*** 节
母亲节
*** 节
以上是为以课本内容为主进行的梳理,在学习的节日的时候,小学阶段的节日一般主要是以日期, *** *** 食物及节日活动的形式进行的呈现,尤其是节日的活动一般是一些和节日相关的动词或者动词短语,这些是需要孩子掌握的。
42张思维导图轻松搞定小升初必备1000个英语单词!01、衣服
02、食物
03、动植物
这里对仁爱版 七年级上册英语 UNIT 3 Getting Together知识点总结,以便于 *** 核对及查漏补缺:
Unit 3 Getting Together
一、 重点短语
1. Could you please + 动词原形……?用来表示委婉的请求
Could you please tell me yo *** name?
--- S *** e/ No problem. My name is Sally.
--- Sorry.
2. tell *** . sth. = tell sth. to *** . 告诉某人某事
3. tell *** . about sth. 告诉某人关于某事
Please tell me yo *** name. = Please tell yo *** name to me.
Please tell Maria about it. 请把这件事告诉玛丽亚吧。
4. *** *** . do sth.= *** *** . with sth. 在某方面帮助某人,帮助某人做某事
Please *** us find him.
Could you please *** me with English?
= Could you please *** me study English?
5. want to do sth.= would like to do sth. 想要做某事
want sth. = would like sth. 想要某物
want *** . to do sth. 想要某人做……
He wants to visit Beijing. = He would like to visit Beijing.
I want/would like an orange.
Jane wants Kangkang to sing some songs with her.
6. show sth. to *** .= show *** . sth. 把某物展示给某人看
Maria shows a photo of her family to Kangkang.
7. My English is very good. =I can speak English very well.
8. live in+ 地点 居住在某地
live with + *** . 和某人住
He live in China with his parents.
9. know a lot about…… 知道许多关于……的事
He knows a lot about China.
10. say表示说话的内容,speak表示说某种语言的能力
What does he say in the letter?
He can speak some English.
11. 对事物的喜欢程度
like……very much/a lot非常喜欢
like……a little 有点喜欢
don’t like……at all 一点都不喜欢
Many students in o *** class like English a lot, but I like it a little.
He doesn’t like chocolate at all.
12. a lot=very much放在句末,修饰动词,“非常,很” 例:I like the boy a lot/ very much.
a lot of或lots of+可数名词复数/不可数名词
I h *** e a lot of English books. These books *** me a lot with my English.
13. *** ry day 每天 each other 相互,彼此 *** each other / talk to each other
14. some of them他们中的一些 *** ny of them他们中有很多
eat out 下馆子,到外面吃饭
15. play with *** . 和某人一块玩耍
16. like to do 与like doing sth. 喜欢(做)某事
辨析:
like doing 表示:长期喜欢,有爱好的意思
like to do 表示:临时喜欢,常指某个具体的动作。可翻译成:想做某事
如:She likes swimming.她喜欢游泳。(经常 *** 的爱好)
She likes to swim this afternoon.她今天下午想游泳。(特指某一次的动作)
另外,在搭配(使用 *** )上,还有一点区别
1.“ like to do ”一般与 “ would ” 搭配表示意愿。
例:I would like to swim with you . 我愿意和你去游泳。
Would you like to skate? 你愿意去滑冰吗?
2“ like doing ” 表示爱好
例:I like watching TV . 我喜欢看电视。
Do you like singing? 你喜欢唱歌吗?
17. Help yo *** self/yo *** selves to sth. 随便吃(喝)……
18. be kind to *** . 对某人很友好
They are all kind to me. 他们对我很友好。
It’s very kind of you. 你真好。
19. be glad to do sth. 很高兴(乐意)做……
I am very glad to be here. 我很乐意在这里。
Glad to meet you. 很高兴见到你。
20. let *** . do sth. 让某人做某事(let:使役动词)
Let me see.让我想一想。
Let us *** you find him. 让我们帮助你找到他。
21. I am home. 我到家了。
Maria isn’t at home/in now. 玛丽亚现在不在家。
Welcome to my home. 欢迎来我家。
It’s time to go home. 该回家了。
二、 重点句型
1. 实义动词变一般疑问句及其回答:
Does he speak English? --- Yes, he does./ No, he doesn’t.
Do you like Chinese? --- Yes, I like it very much/ a lot/ a little.
--- No, I don’t like it at all.
2. 询问职业及工作地点:
What does yo *** mother do?(书面)
What is yo *** mother?(口语) --- She is an English teacher.
Where does she work? --- She works/ teaches/stu *** s ……
in a school / hospital / resta *** ant on a farm in an office
3. 介绍家人
This is a photo of my family.
The young wo *** n in red is my mother.
Is the young wo *** n in red yo *** mother?(变一般疑问句)
Who is the young wo *** n in red?(对划线部分提问)
My grandparents, my cousin and I are on the sofa.
I h *** e a big family. 我有一个大家庭。
I love my family. 我爱我的家。
4. 有用的就餐表达语
1) Would you like something to drink ? 想不想喝些东西?
---Yes, a glass of apple juice, please. / No, thanks.
something to drink 一些喝的东西 something to eat一些吃的东西
2) What would you like to h *** e / eat / drink ? 你想吃(喝)些什么?
---I’d like some rice and chicken. / Let me see. 我想想看。
3) Would you like to h *** e dinner with me? 想和我共进晚餐吗?
---Yes, I’d love to. / Yes, I’d like to.
---- I’m sorry I h *** e to…
4) What do you usually h *** e for breakfast? 你通常早餐吃什么?
---I usually h *** e milk and bread for breakfast.
h *** e … for breakfast/ lunch / dinner 早/午/晚餐吃……
5) May I take yo *** order ,sir ? 请问,要点菜了吗?
---Fish with vegetables and rice , please .
6) May I *** you ? = Can I *** you ? =What can I do for you ? 请问要吃/喝/买些什么?
5. 委婉地请求、提建议的五种表达
Would you like sth. / to do …? 你愿意/想……?
What / How about sth. / doing …? ……怎么样?
Why not do …? = Why don’t you do …? 为什么不……?
Let’s do …! 让我们干……吧!
肯定回答:Yes, I’d like/love to. /Good idea. /OK. / All right./ I’d love that./
Thanks, that would be very nice.
否定回答: No, thanks. / I’m sorry I can’t, I h *** e to do…/
I’d like that, but I’m sorry I h *** e no time.
三、 人称代词的主格与宾格:
点拨:主格在句子中充当主语,放在动词之前;
宾格放在动词之后构成动宾短语,放在介词之后构成介宾短语。
主格
I
we
you
he
she
it
they
宾格
me
us
you
him
her
it
them
Do you know them? --- Yes. They are my new clas *** ates.
Do they go home with us? 他们和我们一块回家吗?
四、 可数名词与不可数名词
1. 可数名词:可以用数目来计数的名词,有单数和复数之分。
如banana, egg, apple, orange, noodles, vegetable, hamb *** ger
2. 不可数名词:不能用具体的数目来表示,前面不能加a/an,没有复数形式。
如milk, chicken, bread, Coke, coffee, rice, juice, fish, tea, water, chocolate
3. 不可数名词若要表示数量,可用:数词+量词+ of + 不可数名词/可数名词复数。
如:a glass of milk 一杯牛奶; ten bottles of apple juice十瓶橙汁;a pair of shoes/pants;
ten lo *** es of bread 十条面包; five kilos of apples 五公斤苹果;
some/ a lot of +可数名词的复数/ 不可数名词
4 *** ny +可数名词的复数
much +不可数名词
五、 书信的格式
1. 称呼:顶格写,常用Dear … 开头,表示亲切、客套,后面用逗号。
2. 正文:从称呼的下一行开始写,开头空两格。
3. 结束语:正文下面的客套话,写在右下角,首字母大写,末尾用逗号,常用Yo *** s。
4. 签名:指写信人的签名,写在结束语的下面。
词组:
1. Could you (please)…… (后接动词原形) 你愿意做某事吗?
May I …… (后接动词原形) 我能做某事吗?
2. What does he say in the letter? 他在信里说了些什么?
What does he say on the photo? 他在 *** 里说了些什么?
3. do sth with *** . 和某人一起做某事 (with 和)
4. No problem 没问题
5. speak + 语言 说某种语言 speak English speak Chinese
6. the Great Wall 长城
7. come/go to + 地点:去某地,但home , here, there 这些是副词,前面不能加to
例:go home / come here / go there
go to do sth 去做某事 例: They go to play basketball.
8. like doing sth 喜欢做某事 like to do sth 想要做某事
9. *** *** . with sth = *** *** . (to) do sth 帮助某人某事
10. at home 在家 be home到家 in one’s home 在某人的家里
11. h *** e a seat / sit down 请坐下
12. office worker 办公室职员 cook 厨师 cooker炊具
13. on a farm 在农场上 on the sofa 在沙发上
14. a photo of one’s family 某人的全家照 Family Tree 家谱 (首字母都大写)
15. in a hospital 在医院(纯属地点概念) in hospital 因病住院
例:He is ill in hospital. 他生病住院
He is in a hospital.他在医院里 (不一定是因为生病来到医院)
16. look after *** . 照顾某人
17. teach *** . sth. = teach sth to *** . 教某人某东西
teach *** . to do sth 教某人做某事
18. *** oneself ( to sth. ) 请随便(吃……) Help yo *** self/ yo *** selves (to fish)
19. I’d like sth = I would like sth. 我想要……
20. Would like to do sth = want to do sth 想要做某事
21. Would you like something to eat (drink)? 你想要一些吃(喝)的东西吗?
to eat 或 to drink 修饰something,作为后置定语。
22. Here you are . 给你 Here we are. 我们到了
23. What about …= How about … ……怎么样?
后接代词或名词,还可以接动名词(即 What about doing sth )
24. all right 好的
25. a cup of tea 一杯茶 two cups of tea 两杯茶
26. milk for me 我要牛奶
27. Why not ……(后接动词原形) = Why don’t you …… (后接动词原形)
为什么不做某事呢?
回答:Good idea 好主意;
28. May I take yo *** order ? 可以点菜了吗?
29. wait a moment = just a moment 等一下,请稍侯 wait for *** . 等待某人
30. Can I *** you ?= May I *** you? = What can I do for you? 需要点什么帮忙吗?
31. eat out 出去吃饭
32. let *** . do sth 让某人做某事
33. h *** e dinner/ breakfast /lunch/supper 吃正/早/午/晚 餐
34. a kind of 一种…… all kinds of 各种各样的……
35. be friendly to *** . = be kind to *** . 对某人友好
36. such as 例如 例:I like fruits, such as oranges, bananas and apples
37. be glad to do sth 例: I am glad to meet you, I am glad to be here..
:
第四章 思维导图学习英语语法词法-冠词今日学习词法:冠词。
a. 不能单独使?,只能?于名词之前帮助说明名词所指的?或事物的词;
b. 属于限定词(限定名词数量多少或特指等的词)的?种。
冠词的分类:“
一 不定冠词: a, an(one的读?弱化)
冠词的读?:
不定冠词在元??素前(不是元?字?)前?an,其他情况下?a:(连读?便)
1: an American(?个美国?)
2: an honor/ho *** (?种荣幸/??时)
3: an eye for an eye(以眼还眼)
4: a university(?所?学) ( 为辅?因素j开头)
5: a great show(?次很棒的演出)
6: a tooth for a tooth(以?还?)
(1) 表示类指:泛指人,事或物类别中的一个 *** 。
1. a car is a *** chine that can run.
2. I h *** e an orange bike.
(2) 表示数量“一“ “每一”或“任何一”。
1. I h *** e a mouth, a nose and tow eyes.
2. We study 8 ho *** s a day.
(3) 用于序数词或形容词更高级前。
1.) 序数词不表示顺序,表示”又一” “再一”时用a
Why do you carry a second arrow.
2.) 更高级表示更高级含义,表示”非常”时用a
It is a most usefull book for middle school students.
(4) 表示某种景象:世界上独一无二的sun,moon,world,sky等被一个描绘 *** 形容词修饰时
a b *** ning/hot/newly-risen sun
a bright/full/new moon
a dark/free/new/sad world
a bright/blue/clear/cloudless/dark/sunny sky
(5) 用于特殊结构中
1.) “a(an) + 单数名词 + of + a + 单数名词”(of 前后的名词时同位关系)
an angel of a wife 天使般的妻子
a fool of a *** n 傻里傻气的人
a poem of a night 一个诗一般的夜晚
2.) “of a + 名词”表示不同事物的共 *** ,意为“相同”
These *** chines are of a kind. 这些机器都是同一类型的。
(6) 专有名词前面
1.用于人名前:
用于姓名前,表示 “具有…特征的人” “……的作品”。
I wish to become an Edison.
在一个带称号、称呼、头衔的“姓”前,意为“一位姓…的 *** /先生”,表示说话人对此人不认识。
A Miss Chen came to see you this morning.
2.用于人物 地名前,表示“某种样子的某人”或“某时的某地”
He is now a different Tom from what he was before ?
Did you *** r dream of such a Paris?
3.用于一个带修饰语的时间名词前,表示一时的特点;有时不带修饰语,表示不确指是哪一个。
It was a hot August.
His birthday is on a Friday next month but Fm not very certain about it.
4.用于品牌名称前,表示这个牌子的商品。
He's going to buy a Ford. 他打算买一辆福特汽车。
I’ve got a Canon 30D. 我有一架佳能30D照相机。
(7)用在某些物质名词前:
当不可数的物质名词表示大类别中的某一种(小类指)时,可与不定冠词连用:
①指用这种材料制成的物品,表“一种”、“一类”、“一份”。例如:
a glass 一只玻璃杯 an iron 一个熨斗
a clean cloth 一块干净的布 a *** 一份报纸
② 指食品、饮料的“一份”。例如:
a chocolate an ice-cream a beer a sandwich
a good breakfast a big dinner a good cheese
③ 在某些表示自然现象的名词前,意为“一场”、“一阵”。例如:
a shower a he *** y rain a thick fog
(8)用在抽象名词前:
①表示“ 一种”、“一类”、“一次”、“一例”等。
Physi *** is a science, but painting is an art.
The girl has d *** loped a love for poems?
Do you care for a *** oked?
After a swim^ she had a rest.
有时被形容词修饰或被一个of短语限定,具有特定概念。
You h *** e a good memory.
When he was young, he received a good education.
A knowledge of English is a must.
Let's *** ke an *** ysis of the situation.
② 表示一次动作:用于动词转化来的抽象名词前。
h *** e a go 试一试 *** ke a move 走一着(棋),移动
take a step 走一步 give ( *** .)a lift 让(某人)搭便车
③ 表示某种情绪。例如:
It’s a shame to beh *** e like that.
It’s a pleas *** e for me to work with you.
He spoke with an enthusia *** which inspired us all.
有时用”a certain +抽象名词”这一结构表示。例如:
a certain coldness a certain honesty
a certain reluctance a certain unwillin *** ess
④ 用于表时间、距离、金钱的复数抽象名词的结构中:
a full eight ho *** s 足足8小时
a busy two weeks 忙碌碌的2周
a good five kilometers 足足5公里
a good ten dollars 整整10美元
二 定冠词:the(that的读?弱化)
冠词的读?:
a. 定冠词the读
1:He’s the author of the book. (他是这本书的作者。)
2:He was the greatest sculpt *** e of that time. (他是那个时代最伟?的雕塑家。)
b. 特别强调时读
“His father was Zeus. The Zeus. King of the gods.”—( “他的?亲是宙斯。就是那个宙斯。众神之王。”)
1)用于类指:定冠词加单数名词,指整个类别。例如:
The cow is a useful ani *** l.
This is easier for the teacher than for the student.
2)用于特指:
① 表示上文已提到过的人或物,或说话人和听话人都知道所指的是何物。例如:
I own a dog and a cat. The dog is brown and the cat is white.
In this town there are two ch *** ches;the ch *** ches are old.
② 用在带 *** *** 定语修饰的个体名词前,指特定的人或物。例如:
The girl in charge of the work is very active.
This is the novel I want you to read.
说明:如果被描绘 *** 定语修饰,说明其 *** 质或类别,则不用定冠词。例如:
This is a novel that *** ry student cf English should read.( 一种,一类)
I hate to see letters written in pencil.(名词复数不加冠词)
③复数个体名词前加定冠词有不同含义:
The birds are singing in the woods.(表特指)
They are the teachers of o *** school. (表类指,强调某个特定团体的全体。其含义比
复数名词前不加定冠词表类指时更具体)
Once in a while we go to the parks.(指该范围内的任何一个)
3)用于独指:指世界上独一无二的东西。例如:
the air the earth the moon the sun
the sky the world the universe the atmosphere
如这类名词前被描绘 *** 形容词修饰,则用不定冠词Q例如:
a cold wind, a big red sun, a new moon, a stormy-looking sky
4)说“我们中几人”、“你们中几人”时,常在数词前加定冠词。例如:
The last bus had gone, so the three of shared a taxi.
It was up to me to get the fo *** of us moving.
5)用在形容词前:
①用在名词化的形容词、过去分词前,泛指一类人或物。例如:
the poor the rich the old the young
the sick the dead the blind the wounded
the good, the beautiful and the true ***
the unknown未知的世界 the unemployed失业者
the disabled 残疾人 the accused 被告
注意:此时仍具有形容词的特征,可被副词修饰,有比较级和更高级的词尾变化。
The extremely old need a great deal of attention.
The wise look to the wiser for a *** ice.
②用在关于国家和民族的形容词前,泛指这个国家和民族的全体人员(这些形容词是以-sh,-ch,-ese结尾的)。例如:
the Chinese the English the French the Japanese
③说两个人或物中“较为…的”,用形容词比较级,比较级前加定冠词,起特指作用。
He is the taller of the two children in his family.
Tie he *** ier of the two bags is full of bottles of water.
用于 all the better, all the worse, all the more >.., none the + 比较级”等中,表示“因某事而更……”。例如:
As the ho *** approached, she grew all the more nervous.
He is none the happier in spite of o *** efforts to cheer him up.
④用在形容词更高级前。例如:
Helen is the prettiest girl I h *** e *** r seen.
This is the best a *** ice I can give you.
6)在序数词及 last, next, only, same, right, wrong 前。例如:
February is the second month of the year.
the last month the only one the same school
the next story the right answer the wrong way
7)在表示乐器的名称前,或表示传媒和通讯的名词前指大众传媒和通讯。例如:
Do you like to play the guitar or the violin?
I play the violin, but not the piano.
A large part of Linda's day is spent on the telephone.
He sent his books through the *** il.
常见的表传媒的名词有Me air;the *** il;the post;the news *** ;the telephone; (the) radio;(the) television 等。
8)表年代或约略年龄,在逢十的复数数词之前加冠词。例如:
In the 1870S when Marx was already in his fifties, …
That fellow doesn't look his age- I think he’s somewhat in the thirties.
9)表方位:在方位、方向名词前或某些表时间的词组中。例如:
on the left (right) in the east (west)
the North and the South at the present
in the end in the daytime
但是,方位词用作状语时,前面不加冠词。例如:
My bedroom window faces south.
10)表示计量标准,其结构为”by the + 单数名词”。
Sugar is sold by the pound/grand.
He is paid by the ho *** /day/week/mouth.
11) 表 *** 部位:在身体部位名词前代替物主代词,其结构是:
及物动词+宾语+介词+the+身体部位
(笼统的内容) (具体的内容)
The ball hit the boy on the nose.
He took the thief by the collar.
有时 *** *** 的某个部分。例如:
The spirit is willing,but the flesh is weak. 心有余而力不足。
A tooth brush is used to clean the teeths·
12)用在某些与动词同形的名词前,构成词组。例如:
The number of students has been constantly on the increase.
They came to the rescue.
on the rise在上涨中
on fall在下跌中
on the *** rch在行进中
13)用在专有名词前:
①用在江河、海洋、山川、群岛、港湾等的名词前。例如:
the Changjiang River
the Pacific(Ocean)
the Rocky Mountains
the Hi *** layas
the English Channel
the Red Sea
the Philippines
the Gulf of Mexico
说明: ①湖名前一般不加冠词,如Lake B *** l(贝加尔湖),Lake Michigan(密
歇根湖),Lake Victoria(维多利亚湖),但也有加冠词的,如the lake of Geneva(日内瓦湖),the Great Salt Iake(大盐湖)。中国的湖名,不论音译或意译,前面往往有“the",如:the West Lake(西湖),the Dongting Lake(洞庭湖),但也可说Lake Dongting,Lake Taihu。
②孤岛与单独的山峰前不加定冠词。例如:Taiwan Island *** 岛 Mt. Ali阿里山
② 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前:
A)用于国家、 *** 派、组织团体。例如:
the United States the Communist Party of China
the United Kingdom the Ministry of Education
the Xinhua News Agency the Associated Press ***
B)用于某些公共机构:旅馆、博物馆、剧院、建筑物等名称。例如.
the British Museum the Philadelphia Orchestra
the Pentagon五角大楼 the Hilton (Hotel)
the Science Museum the Louvre (Palace)
the Great Wall the Grand Theatre
the Beijing Hotel the Capital Cine ***
说明:①常见于"the; + 地名/人名 + hotels/resta *** ants/ pubs/cine *** s/theatres/
museums”这一结构,但Peace Hotel前不加冠词。
②在"地名或人名 + airport/station/univErsity/woo/castle” 前常不加冠词 ?
C)用于报刊、 *** 、学校、历史朝代、三军、船只等前。例如:
the Peopled Daily the Times( *** 》
the University of Beijing he Song Dynasty
the Air Force the Titanic泰坦尼克号
但是:Beijing University London University
Life《生活》周刊 China Pictorial《中国画报》
Time《时代》周刊 Newsweek《新闻周刊》
③ 在姓氏复数形式前,表示全家人,或这一姓氏的夫妇俩。例如:
The T *** ners are sitting at the breakfast table.
The Bakers will le *** e for New York tomorrow.
④用在人名或地名前:人名或地名被of属格或后置定语修饰,转化为普通名词时,表示
别的人或物具有该专有名词的特质。例如:
He is the Newton of today, 他是当代的 *** °
This is not the Smith I was thinking of. 这人不是我想到的那个史密斯。
Suzhou is the Venice of China, 苏州是中国的威尼斯。
14)在物质名词或抽象名词前:
①当物质名词或抽象名词被一个后置定语修饰时。例如:
The breakfast we had today was wonderful.
People ad *** e the honesty his speech.
What do you think the a *** ice she g *** e you?
②虽没有后置定语,但根据上下文,对话双方对所谈内容都已明了时。例如:
The coffee was all right,but the cream was so *** .
What do you think of music?
He asked me to go for a walk,but I don't think I’ve got the ener *** .
③与复数的物质名词或抽象名词连用,表示种类多或量大。例如:
The of this plantation are of very good quality.(各种茶)
H *** e he *** y rains done yo *** house any da *** ge?(大雨)
His house was da *** ged by the high winds. (狂风)
三 零冠词(不用冠词的情况)
1)下列意义的专有名词前,一般不加冠词。
凡指一人、一地或一事物所专用的表示独指意义的专有名词,如人名和地名和以人名或地名命名的路名和街名、广场和公园、车站和桥梁、学校和教堂等。
?人名 和地名:Mt. Smith, China, Beijing, New York, ( North)
America, (Central) Australia, (Northern) Florida, Lake Michigan
?路名和街名:Nanjing Road, Zhongshan Road, Fifth Avenue,
Downing Street, Madison Avenue, Park Lane, Oxford Street
?广场和公园:Tian An Men Square, Trafalgar Square, Zhong Shan
Park, Hyde Park, Greenwich Village, Central Park
?车站和桥梁? Beijing Railway Station, Paddington Station, Beijing
Airport, London Bridge, Waterloo Bridge
?学校和教堂:Beijing University, Oxford University, Holy Mother
Ch *** ch, Westminster Abby
2)物质名词用于类指时,前面不加冠词。
物质名词是指各种材料、食品等无法分为个体的实物,如beef,coffee, gold, ice, metal, milk, oil, silk 等。
Sugar is bad for you.
Snow melts when heated.
即使有描绘 *** 定语修饰,也不加冠词。
Fresh water is scarce in some countries.
It is pleasant to walk in fresh snow.
但被 *** *** 定语修饰,表特指或表示某物质的某一具体部分时,要加定冠词。
The sugar you bought yesterday has got damp.
The father and the son walked slowly on the soft snow.
当不可数的物质名词表示大类指中的某一种(小类指),表示”一种”、“一类”、“一份”等,可与不定冠词连用。
The North Sea produces a light oil.
This is a very good coffee.
3)抽象名词用于类指时,前面不加冠词。
抽象名词是指表示品质、行为、状态、感情或其他抽象概念的名词,
如action, pleas *** e, history, love, friendship, literat *** e 等°
Wisdom is better than strength.(常用单数抽象名词)
There's no need for apologies.(复数抽象名词表复数含义)
抽象名词前有描绘 *** 定语修饰,使概念缩小,仍不加冠词。例如:
Japanese history American literat *** e
Real friendship is more valuable than monoy.
若其后的修饰语表示“ 一种”、“ 一类”时,可用不定冠词。例如:
It's a pleas *** e for me to work with you.
H *** e you *** de a thorough investigation of the case?
若其后的修饰语有特定的概念时,须加定冠词。
It is a long time since I had the pleas *** e of seeing you.
The love of money is the root of all evil.
4)个体名词复数用于类指,不加冠词。
African elephants h *** e larger ears than Indian elephants,(指该类别的整体)
To *** ists are often blamed for changing the character of a place.(指所有旅游者)
On the news today, there were reports of he *** y snow in that area.
今天的新闻里,有关于那个地区大雪的报道。(指此类大雪报道是新闻的一部分)
5)个体名词抽象化后,前面不加冠词。例如:
They go to ch *** ch *** ry Sunday morning.
The trees were all in flower.
6)季节、月份、星期、节假日、一日三餐名称前不加冠词。例如:
spring summer March Sunday
May Day National Day Children's Day Women's Day
Spring is the best season of the year.
说明:①英语中用“…Day”表示”某某节”时,往往不加冠词。但我国的传统
节日常用“the ... Festival”表示,则要加冠词。例如:
Mid-Autumn Day 中秋节 诚 Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节
the Spring Festival 春节
② 季节名词被一个限定 *** 定语修饰时要加冠词。例如:
He joined the army in the spring of 19 *** .
③ “秋季”英语用autumn,美国英语用fall;泛指时,autumn前的the可有
可无,但在fall前必须加the?例如:
They keep a few cows in (the) autumn/the fall.
④ 一日三餐名词前带有形容词修饰时,可与不定冠词连用。例如:
He had a rich/a late breakfast.他吃了 一顿丰盛的/很晚的早餐。
7)当时间名词(日、夜、早、晚、周、年等)表示抽象意义或一般意义时前面不加冠词。例如:
Her hair is as black as night.
Morning is the best time for work ?
At this time of year *** n the lake is frozen over.
Towards *** ning he came back.
It was late afternoon before he reached home.
但表示特定的时间概念或某一段特定的时间前则须加冠词。例如:
He usually gets up early in the morning.
in the year 2005 the year after next
8)表示称呼、家庭成员、身份、头衔的名词前一般不加冠词。例如:
What’s this, Mother? Thanks a lot, doctor.
Premier Zhou Professor Liu
Aunt is taking Sister out for a walk*
某个独一无二的身份或职务(即只有一人担任此职务或正职)作表语、补语或同位语时:
He is head of the organization.(表语)
Lincoln was *** de President of the United States again.(补语)
This is Mr. Zhang, director of o *** hospital.(同位语)
Three cheers for you, winner of the Gold Medal! (独一无二的身
份作同位语)
说明:①表示某个类别中的一员,使用不定冠词。例如:
John has asked Dr. Brown, a Jamous lawyer^ to represent him in co *** t.
②有时,用不定冠词或不用冠词含义是不同的。例如:
He is a dean of the department.(意为该系有几个主任)
He is dean of the department.(意为他是唯一的一个主任或他任正职)
9)学科、疾病名称、球类、棋类,语言类,表颜色的名词前不加冠词。例如:
Do you study *** the *** ti *** ^
Cigarette *** oking can cause lung cancer.
He likes playing football/chess/bridge.
Can you speak Chinese/Engish/French?
Red is my f *** o *** ite colo *** .
第三人称单数动词变化三个规则,元音字母有哪些同学们好,我是林老师,欢迎大家和老师一起轻松有趣学语法。
同学们知道句子里有第三人称单数的时候,动词怎么变吗?什么情况下动词词尾加s,什么情况下加es,又是什么情况下变ies?
英语单词里动词有很多,其实它们的变化是有规则的,总结起来比较常见的就是三种变化规则:
1、在动词词尾直接加s,比如:look-looks、listen-listens、read-reads等等,还有很多加s的动词,同学们可以归类起来。
2、动词以s\x\ch结尾或者部分以o结尾的在词尾加es,比如:teach-teaches、wash-washes、do-does。
3、动词以辅音字母+y结尾,先把y变成i,再+es,比如:try-tries、study-stu *** s、fly-flies。
怎样区分元音字母和辅音字母呢?元音字母有5个:a\e\i\o\u,那么其他剩下的就是辅音字母了,同学们只需要记住元音字母就可以。
小提示:以y结尾的动词,如果y之前是元音字母,则直接加s,比如:play-plays。h *** e的第三人称单数形式是has。
那么一般现在时第三人称单数形式的东西变化规则就是这些了,同学们都了解掌握了吗?语法知识用思维导图归纳分类,条理更清晰,更加有趣味 *** 。方便同学们学习记忆语法知识。
语法里面除了一般现在时还有现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时等,这些都是小学阶段比较常用的语法知识,那么下一节课老师给大家分享现在分词变化形式,记得关注【语法速记 / 小学语法思维导图速记_林老师记单词官网】。
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英语思维导图上次有个朋友私信我,问我关于英语的问题。没想到还有人会因为英语关注我。
说实话我英语之前真的很差,差到大学之一次期末 *** 英语竟然挂科了。虽然我 *** 英语成绩还算不错,但全是背单词拼出来的。
至于语法,我真的从初中开始就没学懂过。幸运的是初中英语老师很严厉,所以我背过一些“固定搭配”,成绩也没差到哪里。
可是上大学后就开始 *** ,从来没背过单词,以至于英语竟然成了我的噩梦。
幸亏 *** 期间,我树立了坚定的决心,准备从头学英语。
我先是在b站上跟着一位初中英语老师刷她120集的初中英语课程,该课程是按照初中课本走的,边讲课文,边复习课文中的知识点。
讲的内容很基础,可是时间太久太煎熬。后来刷知乎求了一张英语的思维导图,但是只是一个大致的框架,没有详细的知识点。
于是我下定决心根据一边学习一边填满这个思维导图。我学习的 *** 就是根据思维导图上的一个知识点去网上找老师怎么讲。
又幸运的是认识了英语的平行世界up主和刘晓燕老师,跟着他们两位的课程 *** 的刷了一遍后,我补齐了我的英语框架。
从此我感觉被打通了任督二脉,基本上对一篇文章结构的分析能够轻而易举。
当然这种学习 *** 也对我颇有启发,就是先树立框架,然后往框架里填东西。现在我把张思维导图分享出来,希望有用。
xmind版我就上传到蓝奏云了https://wwa.lanzoui *** /i7O0Hr1j79i